A history of the state of the lower deck 1850 to 1939. This covers the period of rapid change due to steam, armour and the iron hulled ship, the decline of the sailing seaman, the rise and later decline of the stoker, the development of signals technology and signals ratings, the arrival of the torpedoman and the sonar operator. The changes in the roles of ratings are vast. At the same time parallel social changes affected the supply of naval ratings, complicated by the changing requirements of the Navy for manpower. An illuminating study which furthers understanding of the Royal Navy of the late Victorian and eary 20th century eras.